You should provide an in-text reference for any image that you reproduce in your work – and when you refer to a piece you have seen in its original format but not reproduced in your work.
If you have reproduced the image, the citation would normally be given after the caption/title of the image. Include the page number(s) if coming from a printed source.
If you have not reproduced the image, follow the usual reference format for the source. You may do this if you have seen the original artwork such as a painting, photo, sculpture, building, dress, design, installation etc., at an exhibition, in a gallery, fashion show, museum, personal collection etc., and would like to reference it.
Image 1: Dancing Lesson (Degas 1880).
As can be seen in the painting Dancing Lesson (Degas 1880)....
ARTIST(S), Year. Title of work [material designation]. At: Location
DEGAS, E., 1880. Dancing lesson [oil on canvas]. At: Williamstown, Massachusetts: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute (no.562)
Printed images are usually found in books or magazines. Follow the examples for how to reference a book, magazine article etc. as appropriate.
Electronic images are usually found on websites or in a database. Follow the example for referencing a website.
You may want to include the page number or number range indicating where you found the information you are referring to for some sources. For guidance on how to do this see the ‘Page numbers for in-text references’ section.
Include the details of both artists in the in-text citations and the full reference list.
Only the first artist/author surname is reversed in the full reference list entry.
Image 1: Title of Image (Vidic and Greene 2024).
Vidic and Greene (2024) have referred to the concern...
ARTIST(S), Year. Title of work [material designation]. At: Location
The format for adding two artists/authors to a full reference is shown below.
VIDIC, P. and L. GREENE, 2024. [Add full reference details for the source type after the artist/author following the format above]
You may want to include the page number or number range indicating where you found the information you are referring to for some sources. For guidance on how to do this see the ‘Page numbers for in-text references’ section.
Include the details of all three artists in both the in-text citations and the full reference list.
Only the first artist/author surname is reversed in the full reference list entry.
Image 1: Title of Image (Rosa, Harris and Weyers 2021).
Rosa, Harris and Weyers (2021) have referred to the concern...
ARTIST(S), Year. Title of work [material designation]. At: Location
The format for adding three artists/authors to a full reference is shown below.
ROSA, L., P. HARRIS and T. WEYERS, 2021. [Add full reference details for the source type after the artist/author following the format above]
You may want to include the page number or number range indicating where you found the information you are referring to for some sources. For guidance on how to do this see the ‘Page numbers for in-text references’ section.
If your source has four or more artists, just include the first author in both the in-text citation and full reference list entry. You will need to add et al. after the first author to indicate there were multiple additional artist/authors.
Image 1: Title of Image (Svoen et al. 2023).
Svoen et al. (2023) have referred to the concern...
ARTIST(S), Year. Title of work [material designation]. At: Location
The format for adding four or more artist/author to a full reference is shown below.
SVOEN, L. et al., 2023. [Add full reference details for the source type after the artist/author following the format above]
You may want to include the page number or number range indicating where you found the information you are referring to for some sources. For guidance on how to do this see the ‘Page numbers for in-text references’ section.