Reference the source where you have taken the chart, table or graph from. For example, if you found it in a book, reference the book; if found on a website, reference the website etc
Chart, table or graph intext citation
You should provide an in-text citation for any chart, table, graph that you reproduce in your work. The citation would normally be given after the caption/title of the chart, table, diagram, graph. Include the page number(s) if coming from a printed source.
In-text citation example
Figure 1. Solar adsorption cooling system. (Kalogirou 2009, p.366)
In-text reference examples
This can be seen in Welles' version of Macbeth (1948).
As seen by displays of public behaviour, power, stereotyping (Cross cultural communication skills 2005)
Note: after the first mention in your writing you can just use the film title.
Full Reference Format
Title, Year [material designation]. Subsidiary originator (if applicable e.g. Director). Production details
Full Reference Example
Macbeth, 1948 [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES. USA: Republic Pictures
Cross cultural communication skills, 2005 [DVD]. Gower
Image from a print source
Printed images are usually found in books or magazines. Follow the examples for how to reference a book, magazine article etc. as appropriate.
Image, artistic piece, exhibition or museum in-text citation.
You should provide an in-text citation for any image, artistic piece, exhibition or museum piece that you reproduce in your work. The citation would normally be given after the caption/title of the image, artistic piece, exhibition or museum piece or image. Include the page number(s) if coming from a printed source.
In-text citation example
Image 1: Tawny House (CaSa Architects 2021)
Image from electronic source
Electronic images are usually found on websites or in a database. Follow the example for referencing a website.
Artistic pieces (Painting, Sculpture, Photograph, Mannequin, etc)
In-text citation
As can be seen in the painting Dancing Lesson (Degas 1880)....
Reference List Format
ARTIST(S), Year. Title of work [material designation]. At: Location
Reference List Example
DEGAS, E., 1880. Dancing lesson [oil on canvas]. At: Williamstown, Massachusetts: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute (no.562)
Exhibition or Museum
In-text citation example:
The acclaimed exhibition displayed astounding work (Lynette Yiadom-Boakye Fly in League with the night 2022) ....
Reference List Format:
Title of exhibition (in italics), Year. [Exhibition or Museum in square brackets]. Location. Date(s) of Exhibition
Reference list example:
Lynette Yiadom-Boakye Fly in League with the night, 2022 [Exhibition]. Tate Modern, London. 24 November 2022 - 26 February 2023
In-Text Reference
..as seen in the influence of folk music (Britten 1980).
Reference List Format
ORIGINATOR(S), Year of publication. Title. Subsidiary ORIGINATOR (e.g. editor). Place of publication: Publisher
Reference List Example
BRITTEN, B., 1980. Eight folk song arrangements, for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS, ed. London: Faber Music
In-Text Reference
Riddoch (2008) described...
Or
....( Riddoch 2008)
Reference List Format
BROADCASTER (if available), Year of broadcast. Title of podcast [podcast]. Date of podcast [accessed date]. Available from: URL
Reference List Example
RIDDOCH, L., 2008. Harnessing Scotland’s energy [podcast]. 29 December [accessed 9 February 2009]. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/audio/2008/dec/29/scotland-energy-lesley-riddoch
In-Text Reference
This issue has been discussed on the radio ... (Woman's hour, 2008)
Reference List Format
Programme title, Year of broadcast [radio]. Channel. Date. Time
Reference List Example
Woman's hour, 2008 [radio]. BBC Radio 4. 4 June. 19:00
If one person is clearly responsible for the content of the reference, they can be named as the creator
In-Text Reference
This issue is highlighted by Smith (2008) in a radio broadcast...
Reference List Format
CREATOR(S), Year of broadcast [radio]. Programme title. Channel. Date. Time
Reference List Example
SMITH, A., 2008 [radio]. Woman's hour. BBC Radio 4. 4 June. 19:00
Sound Recording
In-Text Reference
Gordon (1976) is an example of..
Reference List Format
ORIGINATOR(S), Year of publication. Title of piece. In: Title of source. Medium. Production details, numeration. Distributor
Reference List Example
GORDON, D., 1976. Settin' the pace. In: Long tall Dexter, the Savoy sessions. Stereo sound disk. New York: Savoy, SIL 221, side B, track 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc
Songs or Albums
In-Text Reference
The Levellers (1991) include this in...
Reference List Format
There are some variations on what is included in a reference depending on whether you are referencing a single or a whole album. See above for examples.
ARTIST, Year. Song title (if needed). In: Album title (if needed) [format e.g. CD]. Catalogue number (if available). Record label (if available).
Reference List Example - Single from an Album
LEVELLERS, 1991. Far from home. In: Levelling the land [CD]. WOLCDL 1022. China Records
Reference List Example - Single
THE BEATLES, 1968. Hey Jude [vinyl 7” single]. R 5722. Apple Records
Reference List Example - Album
LEVELLERS, 1991. Levelling the land [CD]. WOLCDL 1022. China Records
Online of Self-Release Music
If you want to look up catalogue numbers, the Discogs website may be useful.
In-Text Reference
.. this is shown in the work of the Solent Band (2015)
Reference List Format
ARTIST, Year. Song title. In: Album title (if available) [format e.g. online single]. Catalogue number (if available). Record label (if available) [viewed date]. Available from: URL
Reference List Example - Single from and Album
SOLENT BAND, 2015. The joy of studying. In: The Uni days [self-released single]. SSU2015. Solent Records [viewed 15th December 2015]. Available from: www.solentrecords.ac.uk
Reference List Example Single
SOLENT BAND, 2015. The joy of studying [self-released single]. SSU SR 2015. Solent Records [viewed 15th December 2015]. Available from: www.solentrecords.ac.uk
Discography
In Text Reference
The Who, 1982)...
Reference List Format
Write the same again, followed by the title of the album in italics followed by [CD] place of distribution (i.e. a town or city): Name of distributor.
Reference List Example
THE WHO, 1982. It's Hard [CD]. UK: Polydor
TV Programme
In-Text Reference
This event was reported on television the same day (News at Ten, 2008)
Reference List Format
Programme title, Year [TV]. Channel. Date. Time [if necessary]
Reference List Example
News at ten, 2008 [TV]. ITV1. 16th June
Episode in a Series
In-Text Reference
24 hours in A&E, series 4, episode 8, A few good men (2013) includes…
Reference List Format
Series title, series #, episode #, episode title, Year [medium]. Channel. Date.
Reference List Example
24 hours in A&E, series 4, episode 8, A few good men, 2013 [TV]. More4. 5 April
Episode from On-Demand Platform
In-Text Reference
The characters are… (Designated Survivor, series 1, episode 3, The confession 2016)
Or
Britain’s secret charity cheats, series 2, episode 1 (2019) demonstrates this…
Reference List Format
Series title, series #, episode #, episode title, Year [medium]. Channel/platform. Date [if available]
Reference List Examples
Designated Survivor, series 1, episode 3, The confession, 2016 [TV]. Netflix
Britain’s secret charity cheats, series 2, episode 1, 2019 [TV]. iPlayer. 27 May
TV Interview
Your own primary research does not need to be referenced - cite your interviewee in the text as a personal communication, with a referral, if appropriate, to the full interview transcript in an appendix.
In-Text Reference
Blair (1997) made the claim that…
Reference List Format
INTERVIEWEE., Year. Interview. In: Programme title. Channel. Date. Time
Reference List Example
BLAIR, T., 1997. Interview. In: Six o'clock news. BBC1. 15 August. 18:00
In-Text Reference
The use of music is a fundamental component in video games, as is evident in Solent Video Creatives (2017).
Reference List Format
Originators, Year of first release. Title of game [video game]. Publisher
Online Reference List Format
Originators, Year of first release. Title of game [video game]. Publisher [viewed date]. Available from: URL/location
Reference List Examples
Solent Video Creatives, 2017. Match time [video game]. SSU Arts
Solent Video Creatives, 2017. Match time [video game]. SSU Arts [viewed 10th February 2018]. Available from: www.solentarts.com