Up to three authors - include all authors (with second and third author initials before surname).
In-text reference example
As Smith, Stewart and Cullen (2006) have argued...
Reference list example:
SMITH, F., R. STEWART and D. CULLEN, 2006. Adoption now: law, regulations guidance and standards. London: BAAF
More Than Three Authors
Give the first author followed by et al.
In-text reference example
Mares et al. (2002, p.105) proposed...
Note et al. is in italics and there is a full-stop after al. (it's an abbreviation of alia)
Reference list example:
MARES, P. et al., 2002. Health care in multiracial Britain. Cambridge: Health Education Council
If an author has written more than one work in a year, add a,b,c, etc after the date to distinguish between them.
In-text reference examples
Smith (2007a, p.22) suggested… Further, Smith (2007b, p.3) explained…
Reference list examples
SMITH, A., 2007a. How to cite references. Southampton: Solent Publishing
SMITH, A., 2007b. Avoiding plagiarism. Southampton: Solent Publishing
This system applies no matter what format the source material is in; so if an author published a book, a podcast and a journal article all in 2010, they would still be given as 2010a, 2010b and 2010c.
If an author has written more than one solo work in different years, list them in date order (oldest to newest).
If there are two or more different authors with the same surname who have published material in the same year, add the initial after the surname to differentiate them.
In-text reference example
As outlined by Martin, J. (2018, p.31) it is clear …. This is also evidenced … (Martin, L. 2018)
Reference list examples
MARTIN, J., 2018. Academic writing explained. Southampton: Solent Publishing
MARTIN, L., 2018. How to succeed in your studies. Southampton: Solent Publishing
List the items in your full reference list by alphabetical order of surname within the whole list and then by initial where the surnames and year of publication are the same. Where the surnames are the same but the year of publication is different, reference each item as you would normally by author surname and year.
If you wish to refer to more than one author or source within the same sentence.
Put the author’s surname and date of publication in brackets, followed by the next author, and so on.
If citing directly
Gazzard (2013) and Wade (2016) focus on the historical scope of British games while Mac Sithigh (2014) and Woodcock (2016) explore contemporary policy and industrial contexts for games within the UK.
If citing indirectly
It is also arguable that nurse education, along with much of Higher Education generally, is dominated by an instrumentalist ideology (Collini, 2011; Goodman, 2012; Roggero, 2011). This is the first step, acknowledging our ‘prejudices’.
You would then include a full reference for each source within the reference list, following the format guidance for that particular source.