In-text reference examples
The effect was evident throughout the performance... (Powell 2022)
Powell (2022) clearly demonstrates the effect of...
Reference list format
PERFORMER/AUTHOR/DIRECTOR/COMPANY as appropriate, Year of Performance. Title or brief description of performance [live performance]. Place of performance: Performance venue. Date of performance
Reference list example
POWELL, J., 2022. Les Miserables: 25th Anniversary production [live performance ]. Southampton: Mayflower Theatre. 22 February 2022
You are advised to use academic sources for your work. However, if you do wish to reference lecture notes or presentations you could follow the example below.
In-text reference examples
Brown (2014) outlined how this can be applied...
This can be applied to all cases of... (Brown 2014)
Reference list format
LECTURER, Year. Title of lecture or PowerPoint. Lecture delivered to [name of course, level #], date of lecture
Reference list example
BROWN, P., 2014. The basics of civil engineering. Lecture delivered to HNC Civil Engineering, Level 4, 10th October 2014
Play Performance
In-text reference examples
Porter's (2017) depiction of librarians.....
Librarians are not always portrayed in this way and in some cases can be seen as... (Porter 2017)
Reference list format
AUTHOR SURNAME, Initial., Year of Performance. Title of play [live performance]. Dir. INITIAL. DIRECTOR SURNAME. Place of performance: Performance venue. Date of performance
*Note: Director is abbreviated to dir.
Reference list example
PORTER, H. 2017. Lost in the Library [live performance]. Dir. P. JONES. Southampton: Solent Theatre. 23 May 2017
If no author/director/company is clearly given, enter the play by title in your in text reference and remove the author and director from the full reference:
In-text reference example
As seen in Good times (2018), the role of the lead actor…
Reference list example
Good times [live performance], 2018. Southampton: Solent Hall. 5th July 2018
Streamed or recorded performance viewed online
In-text reference example
This was evident in Ibsen (2012) ...
A contrasting depiction shows the character as... (Ibsen 2012)
Reference list format
AUTHOR SURNAME, Initial., Year of Performance. Title of play [live performance]. Dir. INITIAL. DIRECTOR SURNAME. Place of performance [if known]: Performance venue [if known]. Date of performance if known [viewed date]. Available from: Platform name or URL
Reference list example
IBSEN, H., 2012. A doll’s house [live performance]. Dir. C. CRACKNELL. London: Young Vic Theatre. 17 & 18 July [viewed 9 July 2018]. Available from: Digital Theatre Plus
In-text reference examples
While some performers play with the acoustics of their venue (Smith, 2016), others…
Take That (2009) utilised props and tricks to create a sense of...
Reference list format
ARTIST SURNAME, Initial., Year of Performance. Title of concert [or description of performance if no title] [live performance]. Place of performance: Performance venue. Date of performance
Reference list format - band
BAND NAME, Year of Performance. Title of concert [or description of performance if no title] [live performance]. Place of performance: Performance venue. Date of performance
Reference list examples
SMITH, H., 2016. Music performed at conference gala dinner [live performance]. Southampton: Southampton Solent University. 15th October.
TAKE THAT, 2009. The Circus Live [live performance]. London: Wembley Stadium. 3rd July.
See 'Reviews' section for guidance on referencing a 'review' which can be a review of a book, an article, drama/musical performance and film review.