Social Media Post (Twitter, TikTok, Instagram, etc)
In-text reference example
Solent University (2023) used images to...
Reference list format
AUTHOR, year. Title of page. [Name of site]. Day/month of posted message [viewed day month year]. Available from: URL
If the content is behind a password give the main web address for the site as the URL.
Reference list examples
AIRLINES LIVE, 2023. Boeing 737 STUNNING Departure. [TikTok]. 8th February [viewed 11 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.tiktok.com/@airlinerslive/video/7197809144651451654
LEARNING SKILLS AT SOLENT, 2015. Intended for secondary school teachers but some apps here which are still useful in further education. [Facebook status update]. 12th October [viewed 29/11/2016] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/succeedatsolent
SMITH-MAY, N, 2016. British woman can adopt girl found in box in Egypt, judge rules. [Twitter]. 29 November [viewed 14/11/2022]. Available from: https://twitter.com/guardian/status/803627951724068864
SOLENT UNIVERSITY, 2023. Solent University [Instagram]. 8th April. [viewed 15 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.instagram.com/p/CqxPTyItvx6/?hl=en
Blog or Discussion List
In-text reference example
Bradley (2008) explained...
Reference list format - blog
AUTHOR(S), Year. Title of blog entry. In: Blog title. Full date of blog entry [viewed date]. Available from: URL
As web pages, blogs do not have page numbers.
Reference list example - blog
BRADLEY, P., 2008. Word of the day is 'exaflood'. In: Phil Bradley's weblog. 29 April 2008 [viewed 9 May 2008]. Available from: http://philbradley.typepad.com/phil_bradleys_weblog/
Reference list format - discussion list
AUTHOR(S), Year. Subject of message. In: Discussion list. Full date of message [viewed date]. Available from: URL of archive or individual message or email address of list
Reference list example - discussion list
JONES, A., 2008. Citing standards. In: Lis-link. 16 June 2008 [viewed 20 June 2008]. Available from: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/LIS-LINK.html
Website, YouTube OR LinkedIn Learning
If you can find the date the resource was created, include that in your reference. However, many web resources will have a date the site or resource was last updated instead - if that is the only date information available, include that in your reference. If you cannot find any form of date, include the accepted abbreviation of [n.d.] to indicate the date is not known.
In-text reference example
In the video from Southampton Solent (2014), it is evident that...
Reference list format
AUTHOR(S), Year of publication or last update. Title of page [viewed date]. Available from: URL
If no author is given, use the provider of the website as the author. This may be the name of a University, a company, a newspaper, or just the website name. If you really cannot identify an author, use 'Anon.' as the author information section.
Reference list examples
DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, 2010. The literature review [viewed 6 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.deakin.edu.au/library/findout/research/litrev.php
MADECRAFT and A. AUDENAERT, 2020. Introduction to Social Media Strategy Online Class [viewed 7 December 2023]. Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/learning/introduction-to-social-media-strategy/building-a-following?u=56747793
SOLENT UNIVERSITY, 2014. Solent University new build animation [viewed 28 July 2015]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQJDLiP-GyY
Wiki
Wikis are collaborative creations that can be edited and added to by anyone - so you may not always be able to rely on the quality of the information given. Therefore, consider finding a more authoritative source to reference instead. If you do decide to reference a wiki, you will need to reference it as an anonymous entry (unless you can find an author specifically identified as responsible for the content) and date of update.
In-text reference example
Anon. (2018) suggests that…
Reference list format
ANON., Year of last update. Title of entry. In: Wiki name [viewed date]. Available from: URL
Reference list example
ANON., 2018. How to improve your study skills. In: Wikihow [viewed 13 July 2018]. Available from: https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Study-Skills
In-text reference example
As seen in this app, you can … (WhatsApps Inc., 2009)
Reference list format
DEVELOPER, Year. Title of app (version number). [Mobile app]. Available from: store name [download date]
Reference list example
WHATSAPP INC., 2009. WhatsApp Messenger (Version 2.19.100). [Mobile app]. Available from: App Store [downloaded 23 October 2020]
In-text reference example
...(Lawton 2007)
OR
As discussed by Lawton (2007)....
Reference list format
AUTHOR(S), Year of Publication. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher [viewed date]. Available from: URL
Referencelist example
LAWTON, A., 2007. Supporting self-advocacy. London: Social Care Institute For Excellence [viewed 11 July 2022]. Available from: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp06.pdf