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Harvard Solent Referencing

Social Media, Blogs, Discussion Lists

Social Media Post (Twitter, TikTok, Instagram, etc)

In-Text Reference 

Andrews (2002) put forward the idea that...

Reference List Format 

AUTHOR, year. Title of page. [Name of site]. Day/month of posted message [viewed day month year]. Available from: URL

If the content is behind a password give the main web address for the site as the URL.

Reference List Examples

SMITH-MAY, N, 2016. British woman can adopt girl found in box in Egypt, judge rules. [Twitter]. 29 November [viewed 14/11/2022].  Available from: https://twitter.com/guardian/status/803627951724068864 

AIRLINES LIVE, 2023. Boeing 737 STUNNING Departure. [TikTok]. 8th February [viewed 11 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.tiktok.com/@airlinerslive/video/7197809144651451654

SOLENT UNIVERSITY, 2023. Solent University  [Instagram]. 8th April. [viewed 15 May 2023]. Available from: https://www.instagram.com/p/CqxPTyItvx6/?hl=en

LEARNING SKILLS AT SOLENT, 2015. Intended for secondary school teachers but some apps here which are still useful in further education. [Facebook status update]. 12th October [viewed 29/11/2016]  Available from: https://www.facebook.com/succeedatsolent

 

Blog or Discussion List

In-Text Reference 

Bradley (2008) explained...

Reference List Format - Blog

AUTHOR(S), Year. Title of blog entry. In: Blog title. Full date of blog entry [viewed date]. Available from: URL

As web pages, blogs do not have page numbers.

Reference List Example - Blog

BRADLEY, P., 2008. Word of the day is 'exaflood'. In: Phil Bradley's weblog. 29 April 2008 [viewed 9 May 2008]. Available from: http://philbradley.typepad.com/phil_bradleys_weblog/

Reference List Format - Discussion List

AUTHOR(S), Year. Subject of message. In: Discussion list. Full date of message [viewed date]. Available from: URL of archive or individual message or email address of list

Reference List  Example - Discussion List 

JONES, A., 2008. Citing standards. In: Lis-link. 16 June 2008 [viewed 20 June 2008]. Available from: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/LIS-LINK.html

 

Websites, YouTube, Wikis, Lynda.com

Website Or YouTube

In-Text Reference 

In the video from Southampton Solent (2014), it is evident that...

Reference List Format

AUTHOR(S), Year of publication or last update. Title of page [viewed date]. Available from: URL

If no author is given, use the provider of the website as the author. This may be the name of a University, a company, a newspaper, or just the website name.

Reference List  Examples

SOLENT UNIVERSITY, 2014.  Solent University new build animation [viewed 28 July 2015].  Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQJDLiP-GyY

DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, 2010. The literature review [viewed 6 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.deakin.edu.au/library/findout/research/litrev.php

 

Wiki 

Wikis are collaborative creations that can be edited and added to by anyone - so you may not always be able to rely on the quality of the information given. Therefore, consider finding a more authoritative source to reference instead. If you do decide to reference a wiki, you will need to reference it as an anonymous entry (unless you can find an author specifically identified as responsible for the content) and date of update.

In-Text Reference 

Anon. (2018) suggests that…

Reference List Format

ANON., Year of last update. Title of entry. In: Wiki name [viewed date]. Available from: URL

Reference List Example

ANON., 2018. How to improve your study skills. In: Wikihow [viewed 13 July 2018]. Available from: https://www.wikihow.com/Improve-Your-Study-Skills

Mobile or Web App

In-Text Reference 

As seen in this app, you can … (WhatsApps Inc., 2009)

 

Reference List Format

DEVELOPER, Year. Title of app (version number). [Mobile app].  Available from: store name [download date]

Reference List Example

WHATSAPP INC., 2009. WhatsApp Messenger (Version 2.19.100). [Mobile app]. Available from: App Store [downloaded 23 October 2020]

Online Report

In-Text Example

...(Lawton 2007)

OR  

As discussed by Lawton (2007)....

 

Reference List Format

AUTHOR(S), Year of Publication. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher [viewed date]. Available from: URL

 

Reference List Example

LAWTON, A., 2007. Supporting self-advocacy.  London: Social Care Institute For Excellence [viewed 11 July 2022]. Available from: http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp06.pdf